HL IB Biology I – Cells Practice #1		Name: ____________________________ Block:____
1.	(a)	An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell with a specific function. In the table below, identify the missing organelles and outline the missing functions.
Name of 
organelle	Structure of organelle	Function of organelle	

Nucleus	Region of the cell containing 
chromosomes, surrounded by a
double membrane, in which there
are pores.	
Storage and protection of
chromosomes	

Ribosome	
Small spherical structures, 
consisting of two subunits.	..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................	

..................	Spherical organelles, surrounded 
by a single membrane and 
containing hydrolytic enzymes.	Digestion of structures that are not needed within cells.	

..................	Organelles surrounded by two 
membranes, the inner of which is 
folded inwards.	..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................	
(4)
(b)	The table above shows some of the organelles found in a particular cell. Discuss what type of cell this could be.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
 (2)
2.	(a)	Explain how the surface area to volume ratio influences cell sizes.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)	State one function for each of the following organelles.
(i)	Ribosomes
...........................................................................................................................
(ii)	Rough endoplasmic reticulum
...........................................................................................................................
(iii)	Golgi apparatus
...........................................................................................................................
(3)
(c)	Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to three different features.
	Prokaryotic	Eukaryotic	

1.	
...........................................................
...........................................................	
...........................................................
...........................................................	

2.	
...........................................................
...........................................................	
...........................................................
...........................................................	

3.	
...........................................................
...........................................................	.
..........................................................
...........................................................	
(3)
3.	(a)	State the typical size of
(i)	a bacterium; ......................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)	an average eukaryotic cell. ...............................................................................
(1)
 
(b)	Annotate a bacterium cell.
 (6)

____4.	A cell has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes. Based on this information, what type of cell could this be?
A.	A cell from a pine tree
B.	A grasshopper cell
C.	A human red blood cell
D.	A bacterium

____5.	If a mitochondrion has a length of 5 µm and a student’s drawing of the mitochondrion is 10 mm, what is the magnification of the drawing? Show your work 
A.	×0.0005
B.	×0.5
C.	×200
D.	×2000
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
6.	(a)	The scanning electron micrograph below shows the surface of the nuclear envelope with numerous nuclear pores.
		 
(i)	Calculate the power of magnification of the image.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)	State the diameter of the pore labelled X.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
 (b)	Describe the importance of stem cells in differentiation.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 (3)

____7.	How does the surface area to volume ratio change with an increase in cell size?

____8.	Below is a micrograph of an E. coli bacterium undergoing reproduction. Show your work
		
	The scale bar represents 0.5 μm. How long are both cells in total? Show your work 
A.	5.0 × 10–6 m
B.	5.0 × 10–9 m
C.	2.5 × 10–6 m
D.	2.5 × 10–9 m
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

____9.	If a Sequoia sempervirens tree is 100 m tall and a drawing of it is 100 mm tall, what is the magnification of the drawing? Show your work
A.	×0.001
B.	×0.1
C.	×1.0
D.	×1000
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
HL IB Biology I- Cells Practice #2			Name: ______________________________ Block: ____
1.	Compare, with the aid of a labeled diagram, the structure of generalized prokaryotic and eukaryotic animal cells.
(Total 10 marks)

 
2.	State one function of each of the following organelles.
	·	Lysosome: ____________________________________________________________

·	Golgi apparatus: ________________________________________________________

·	Rough endoplasmic recticulum: ____________________________________________

·	Nucleus: _______________________________________________________________

·	Mitochondrion: __________________________________________________________
(Total 5 marks)
3.	Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. 
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 (6)
4.	Compare, with the aid of a labeled diagram, the structure of a generalized plant and animal cell.
(Total 8 marks)

_____5.	The key below can be used to identify some of the structures in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Which structures are ribosomes?
1.	Enclosed in a membrane	go to 2 
	Not enclosed in a membrane	go to 3
2.	Diameter less than 100 nm	A.
	Diameter greater than 100 nm	B.
3.	Composed of one globular structure	C.
	Composed of two sub-units	D.
_____6.	The width of a human hair is 0.1 mm. What is the width in mm? Show your work 
A.	10 mm
B.	100 mm
C.	1000 mm
D.	10 000 mm
...........................................................................................................................

_____7.	What is the correct order of increasing size for the following biological structures?
I.	The width of a virus
II.	The width of a bacterium
III.	The thickness of a cell surface membrane
IV.	The diameter of a eukaryotic cell
A.	I ® III ® II ® IV
B.	I ® III ® IV ® II
C.	III ® I ® II ® IV
D.	III ® II ® I ® IV
8.	The electron micrograph below shows an E. coli cell.
		
(a)	Identify the structures labelled A and B in the electron micrograph above and state one function of each.
A:	Name	.......................................................................................................
Function	.......................................................................................................
B:	Name	.......................................................................................................
Function	.......................................................................................................
(2)
(b)	Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 (5)

_____9.	Which pair of features is correct for both a human liver cell and an Escherichia coli cell?

	Human liver cell	Escherichia coli cell	
A.	contains DNA associated with protein	contains naked DNA	
B.	has 70S ribosomes	has 80S ribosomes	
C.	contains mitochondria	contains mitochondria	
D.	contains DNA enclosed by a membrane	contains DNA associated with protein	
_____10.	If a mitochondrion has a length of 5 µm and a student’s drawing of the mitochondrion is 10 mm, what is the magnification of the drawing? Show your work 
A.	×0.0005
B.	×0.5
C.	×200
D.	×2000
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
 
_____11.	In viewing an electron micrograph of a cell, ribosomes, pili and a single circular chromosome are observed. What other structure is likely to be present?
A.	The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
B.	Mitochondria
C.	A nuclear membrane
D.	A plasmid
12.	(a)	An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell with a specific function. In the table below, identify the missing organelles and outline the missing functions.
Name of 
organelle	Structure of organelle	Function of organelle	

.................
	A covering which surrounds
chromosomes and contains pores.	..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................	

..................	Small spherical structures, 
which is located in the control center of the cell.	..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................	

..................	An organelle which contains curved membrane structures with a Cis and Trans face. 	..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................	

..................	Organelles surrounded by two 
membranes and contain a pigment.	..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................	
(4)
(b)	The table above shows some of the organelles found in a particular cell. Discuss what type of cell this could be.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
 (2)

HL IB Biology I – Cell Practice #3			Name: _______________________ Block: ____
_____1.	What is essential for diffusion?
A.	A concentration gradient
B.	A selectively permeable membrane
C.	A source of energy
D.	A protein
_____2.	Which of the following is a characteristic of organelles?
A.	They are only found in eukaryotic cells
B.	They are only found in prokaryotic cells
C.	They are sub-cellular structures
D.	They are all membrane bound
_____3.	The diagram below shows a channel protein in a membrane. Which parts of the surface of the protein would be composed of polar amino acids?

A.	I and II only
B.	II and III only
C.	III and IV only
D.	I and IV only
4.	(a)	Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
 (b)	State the composition and the function of the plant cell wall.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
5.	The diagram below shows the structure of a cell.

(a)	Identify the names of I – III 
I:	...........................................................................................................................
II:	...........................................................................................................................
III:	...........................................................................................................................
(3)
 (b)	State the function of the structure labeled III.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)	Deduce which type of cell is shown in the diagram, giving reasons for your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)	Calculate the actual length of the cell, showing your working.

Answer:	...................................................................................................................
(2)
6.	(a)	List the functions of membrane proteins.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)	Oxygen (O2 ) moves across the membrane by diffusion. Define the term diffusion.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)	Potassium can move across the membrane by passive or active transport. Distinguish between active transport and facilitated diffusion of ions.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)	The hormone insulin leaves the cell by exocytosis. Describe the process of exocytosis.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
 (2)
 7.	Outline the differentiation of cells in a multicellular organism.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
(3)
8.	Draw a labelled diagram of the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.
(Total 5 marks)

9.	Explain how the structure and properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes.
(Total 5 marks)
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
_____10.	Which ratio limits the size of cells?
A.	The rate of metabolism to mass
B.	The surface area to volume
C.	The mass to volume
D.	The surface area to mass
_____11.	Which of the following is required for osmosis to occur?
A.	An enzyme
B.	A fully permeable membrane
C.	ATP
D.	A solute concentration gradient

_____12.	The diagram shows a model of a biological membrane. What do labels I-V illustrate and give a function of each? 

13.	Explain the various methods cells use to transport materials across membranes.
(Total 6 marks)
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
HL IB Biology I: Cell Practice #4			Name: ___________________________________
_____1.	Which of the following will contribute to the cell theory?
I.	Living organisms are composed of cells.
II.	All cells come from pre-existing cells by mitosis.
III.	Cells are the smallest units of life.
A.	I only
B.	II only
C.	I and III only
D.	I, II and III
2.	A red blood cell is 8 μm in diameter. If drawn 100 times larger than its actual size, what diameter will the drawing be in mm? Show your work. 
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
_____3.	Which of the following characteristics found in a structure necessarily indicates that it is alive?
A.	The presence of genetic material
B.	The presence of a lipid bilayer
C.	Metabolism
D.	Movement
_____4.	Which pair of features is correct for both a human liver cell and an Escherichia coli cell?

	Human liver cell	Escherichia coli cell	
A.	contains DNA associated with protein	contains naked DNA	
B.	has 70S ribosomes	has 80S ribosomes	
C.	contains mitochondria	contains mitochondria	
D.	contains DNA enclosed by a membrane	contains DNA associated with protein	

_____5.	The diagram below shows a bacterium.
		
	What structure does the part labelled X identify?
A.	Nucleus
B.	Nucleoid
C.	Nucleolus
D.	Nuclear membrane
6.	Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
	(a)	Compare simple diffusion with facilitated diffusion as mechanisms to transport solutes across membranes.
(5)
(b)	Describe the process of endocytosis and exocytosis.
(9)
 	(c)	Eukaryotic cells have intracellular and extracellular components. State the functions of one named extracellular component.
(4)
 (Total 20 marks)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................

7.	The electron micrograph below shows an E. coli cell.
		
 (a)	Identify the structures labelled A and B in the electron micrograph above and state one function of each.
A:	Name	.......................................................................................................
Function	.......................................................................................................
B:	Name	.......................................................................................................
Function	.......................................................................................................
(2)
(b)	Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (3)
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

8.	(a)	State the property of stem cells that makes them useful in medical treatment. (1)
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 (b)	Explain how multicellular organisms develop specialized tissues. (2) 
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
 (c)	Explain four functions of membrane proteins. (4) 
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

9.	Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
	(a)	Annotate a labelled diagram to show the structure of a plasma membrane.
(6)
(b)	Outline how vesicles are used to transport materials secreted by a cell.
(5)
(c)	Distinguish between active and passive movements of materials across plasma membranes, using named examples.
(7)
(Total 20 marks)
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................